Biochemistry Review: High-Yield Biochemical Pathways and Concepts

Introduction

Biochemistry is a cornerstone of medical education and an essential component of the USMLE Step 1 exam. A solid understanding of biochemical pathways and concepts is crucial for aspiring physicians. This review will cover high-yield biochemical pathways and concepts, providing detailed insights to help you prepare effectively for the exam. We'll delve into the fundamental processes of cellular metabolism, the biochemical basis of diseases, and the molecular mechanisms underlying various physiological functions.

1. Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is converted into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH in the cytoplasm. This pathway is essential for energy production, especially in anaerobic conditions.

Steps of Glycolysis:

Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate (G6P): Catalyzed by hexokinase (or glucokinase in the liver). ATP is consumed.

G6P to Fructose-6-Phosphate (F6P): Catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase.